The Long Shadow of Little Rock: The Story of Elizabeth Eckford :: Civil Rights,

In 1950's America, there was a uprising that would sculpt the world into the place we now inhabit. The particular event in question is one concerning the black communities plight in 1950's America, with names such such as Rosa Parks, Emmett Till and (most importantly), Elizabeth Eckford Heading the list of names who took a stand, and, in turn, made America the place it is today. As the years went by, details of the many riots the segregation incurred were documented. The focus of this essay will be on a particular documentation titled 'The Long Shadow of Little Rock', a book published in 1962 on what happened to Elizabeth Eckford in Little Rock, Arkansas. However, just what can we learn from this Document? Firstly however, before we start, we need to scan the documentation, and see what Elizabeth Eckford's recreation of the day in question events was. The basic story she portrays, is that of her eventful first day at Little Rock High School. Elizabeth was one of 9 black students, specially selected by the colleges authorities, in a bid to banish racism within its high school. The reason Elizabeth was chosen was due to her amazing academic results. So, the plot is set, now we need to start the analysis. To start off with, we need to look for any obvious factors associated with the documentation that could affect the accuracy of the document. In the case of 'The Long Shadow of Little Rock' one of these obvious factors would be that this documentation was written by the victim. Now this factor is a double edged sword, Elizabeth could either be brutally honest about her plight (in the hope that somebody would listen), or she could exaggerate what actually happened in an attempt to shock the reader and in turn gain attention and support in the form of a higher authority. The second factor we can infer is that the crowd that greeted her was firstly bigger 'the crowd began to follow me', secondly she was in some way segregated from the other 8 black students to join on that day 'the crowd began to follow me' and last but not least we can infer (most importantly) that this 'mob' that had singled her out were violent white racists with quotes such as 'Lynch Her! Lynch Her!' coming from the crowd in pursuit of her. When we read further on into the text, we see just how massive a risk the college took by enrolling these 9 black students into their segregated school.

Gender Segregation

Davis Anderson Sociology 3337 Prof. Korinek October 23, 2012 Group 7 Analysis of: Revisiting the Glass Escalator: The Case of Gender Segregation in a Female Dominated Occupation This critical examination and study, done by Karrie Ann Snyder and Adam Isaiah Green, dives into the data of a predominately women’s job, nursing, to find out if men really have a â€Å"glass escalator† when it comes to advancing up to top positions and dissects the notion of horizontal segregation.The glass escalator theory is one that assumes males in female dominated professions are pushed up the ladder to administrative and supervisory positions much easier and faster than women. Throughout the article, they explain the methods used to gather the data, both quantitative and qualitative and provide a plethora of information such as level of education, employment setting, number of years worked, personal interviews etc. They also break down the data and refute claims that although widely belie ved, may be false. It is somewhat ironic that the topic of this week’s thought-piece paper is on the sexual segregation of nursing.Just about a week ago I was sitting in the orthodontists office and I looked over at the staff photos on the wall. Dr. Pobanz was in the middle with about 10 ladies on each side of him. That made me go back and think, and I came to the realization that I have never seen a male besides the doctor working in a dentist or orthodontist office. Although it is not exactly a nursing position, it is a similar occupation and I would imagine has similar statistics concerning sex segregation. In my mind, it is just expected that most all nurses are female.It seems that back a few decades ago males were unheard of in the nursing field, but today they are becoming more common. It is interesting that this occupation is so stereotypical female that studies of this magnitude are conducted. So why is it that nursing is so dominated by females? Well, nursing is ass ociated with caring for others, being affectionate, and serving under someone of higher ranking. Males face strong societal pressure that steer them from entering occupations such as this as they do not want to be perceived as feminine or gay because of the nature of their job.Only 5. 5 percent of nurses in 2000 were men, a very small minority. Many people think that of the few men that are in the nursing field, it is easier for them to move up to higher ranking positions. The face is that in administrative and supervisor positions women are just about as likely as men to hold those spots. The problem is that many people believe the societal stereotype that it is easier for men to gravitate toward the top positions, when in reality it is just about the same for both sexes.In the article, Carol Kleinman is referenced when she says that men, relative to women, enjoy systematic advantages in the nursing industry in terms of promotion and hiring (p273). The findings from this research s uggest something very different than the assumptions of others. â€Å"As shown in Table 3, men do not receive higher returns for education, nor is there a significant interaction between years as a nurse and sex. These results suggest that, contrary to the glass escalator hypothesis, men are not promoted earlier in their career to top positions. (p281) The data suggests that rather than there being a segregation of male and females vertically among the sectors of nursing, horizontal segregation is much more likely, meaning grouping of gender in specialized areas is common. Certain areas seem to be made up of more of one gender than the other. For example, men are over represented in ICU, OR, and ER while women are over represented in outpatient, post anesthesia, labor/delivery, and general medical-surgical departments (p286).When interviewed about why they chose their specialization, men seemed aware of the gender connotations of their job, while women rarely mentioned it as a fact or. This is a direct cause of why segregation across different areas of work is much more prevalent than segregation through the administrative ranks. The name nurse often carries with it negative connotations in the eyes of males. It is inherently feminine in its perception and plays a large role in scaring men away or causing them concern about what others think and leading them into positions that are thought of as more manly.Nursing is unique in the wide range of specializations that it offers, and that may play a part as to why horizontal segregation is so widespread as opposed to vertical. Oftentimes males seek positions of prestige and in nursing those desires may be filled by working in masculine roles as opposed to higher-ranking positions that would typically validate success in other professions. From the data gathered and personal accounts reviewed, it seems that men chose positions thought of as more masculine based primarily on fulfilling the conceptions of gender iden tity.Financial interests and personal desires do have an effect, but it seems that sticking to the gender â€Å"rules† is the largest factor in determining the careers of practicing male nurses. The data in this study is vast and complex. It is hard to determine the sole contributor to the occurrence of gender segregation in the nursing practices. So many factors play into every individuals decisions, but signs point overall to an adherence to gender norms and affirmation for males that their occupation is not completely a woman’s job.

For The Language Assessment, I Chose To Read The Story

For the language assessment, I chose to read the story The Little Old Lady Who Was Not Afraid of Anything by Linda Williams. This is a great story to use with young children to develop listening skills and sequencing skills. I like to read this story with a lot of enthusiasm. As I read this book, I can ask the child â€Å"wh† questions, I can model the sounds and movements, and I can ask the child to imitate my movements or sounds. This story is about a little old lady who was not afraid of anything. After spending the day gathering herbs, spices, nuts and seeds, the little old lady begins to walk home. Along her walk, several articles of clothing attempt to scare her. However, since she is the little old lady who is not afraid of†¦show more content†¦Although they typically last less than one minute, she frequently naps after a seizure. Cindy’s seizures makes it difficult for her to complete her tasks. Language Assessment While reading the story, I asked Cindy to imitate and reproduce either an action or sound after I modeled the sound or action for her. For example, I stomped my feet when I read, â€Å"two shoes go CLOMP, CLOMP.† I then asked the student, â€Å"What did the shoes do?† According to Raver (2009), â€Å"Imitation is a major milestone that permits children to learn new skills efficiently† (p. 155). Raver further explains that students become more involved and pay more attention to the lesson when they physically participate in the stories by performing the actions of the character (Raver, 2009). Cindy was able to imitate three out of five actions and two out of two sounds I asked her to imitate. After reading the story to Cindy, I prompted her to put the picture cards in the correct order. First, I placed the picture of the old lady in front of Cindy. Then, I placed the other seven cards on the table in front of her. Pointing to the old l ady, I asked Cindy, â€Å"Who did the old lady meet first in the woods?† After giving Cindy several minutes to process my request, I placed three picture cards (glove, pumpkin, and shoes) in front of Cindy and again asked, â€Å"Who did the old lady meet first in the woods?† Cindy was able to accurately point to the shoes. I continued to promptShow MoreRelatedTypes Of Rubrics : Analytic And Holistic1396 Words   |  6 PagesThe Vermont Book Award is a contest that would be best judged using a rubric. A rubric is simply a guide for assessment based on specific criteria. Its purpose is to grade a piece of work by performance and quality. It gives structure to observations and judgements, making it easier to give a subject an overall grade (Bookhart). Not only would the books be easier to grade, the structure of a rubric gives the grader a clear target which encourages the accuracy and fairness of a grade, as well as theRead MoreSarah, Plain And Tall1666 Words   |  7 PagesComprehensive Assessment, I will read to my 3rd grade students the novel â€Å"Sarah, Plain and Tall† written by Patricia, MacLachlan. This novel is about a girl name Sarah and her western pioneer family. The story talks about how Sarah and her family needs a mother. From this novel the students will be able to construct the follow learning objectives: Students will grasp important information about the novel â€Å"Sarah, Plain and Tall†. Students will be able to identify from the novel read the 5w’s who,Read MoreMy Own Classroom Is Important For Developing Listening And Receptive Language979 Words   |  4 PagesI think language and literacy are not only incredibly important, but can be one of the most enjoyable parts of learning. If I do decide to go back into a classroom, I would love to return to a preschool setting. When these children are learning language skills, there are so many different ways tat they pick them up. I am a huge believer in learning through play, and at this age especially. Games like Simon Says are great for developing listening and receptive language. Preschool children are preparingRead MoreThe Career Path Of Attending College1656 Words   |  7 Pageshelp in the understanding of myself and others and can help me be more productive in the workplace. The first career path that I chose to take was to be a soldier, but now I will embark on a different path, that of an educational psychologist. Studying psychology will help me to understand the complex mental processes that students have with their learning disabilities. 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Many teachers describe the Co mmon Core State Standards (CCSS) as â€Å"just another fad.† However, I believe that this is not the case. After diving into the CCSS, I have become a full supporter. The Rigor/Relevance Framework integrated into the standards means thatRead MoreEvaluation Of A Mini Reading Lesson Plan1300 Words   |  6 PagesTeacher/Peer Modeling (Read Naturally Strategy, 2009) 2. Grade Level: Third Grade 3. Type of Disability: A student that needs this strategy to increase fluency would have trouble in one of the following areas: identifying words, decoding unknown words, knowing the meaning of words parts or proper use of phonics (Seder, n.d.). 4. Material/Reading Text: I chose this book because it has many words that can look difficult to the student, but can be easily sounded out as they read. This book would also

Reading Note On Reading Comprehension - 1378 Words

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Reading Rate: Reading rate is the fluent identification of individual words and the speed and fluidity that a reader moves through connected text. It is usually calculated by either the number of words read correctly per minute or the length of time it takes for a reader to complete a passage. Prosody: is a linguistic term that refers to the rhythm and tonal aspects of speech; the musicality of language. It includes variations in intonation, syllable prominence, and duration. Applying prosody means they are emphasizingShow MoreRelatedThe Pros And Cons Of Paper Mediums1358 Words   |  6 Pagesthat reading comprehension varies drastically between the traditional paper compared to their digital mediums. Electronic mediums negatively impact a reader’s reading comprehension level when compared to paper mediums as seen through note taking variations, early reading and writing development, the brain’s different processes of comprehension, and the strain undergone in the process of reading. 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Return On Investment For Health Care - 872 Words

Return on investment for health care finances has served its purpose for infinite years in health care organizations and will continue for years to come. The epitome of success is to have solid background knowledge in accounting and finances to tackle the issues and understand the purpose of ROI. It’s a mission and goal for health care organizations to have the best return on investment for not-for profit and for-profit organizations. Profit margins, soft, hard ROI, and look back analysis are vital components to the ROI for financial reporting. In addition, all the concepts and formulas related to ROI need the necessary tools and technology for success. All in all, return on investments has the reflective effects on the financial planning, reporting, and the audit process. The final outline for the return on investment project will indicate from prior work of the introduction to the look back analysis of ROI. 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Production Management Free Essays

1. A nation’s ability to compete with other nations impacts a business’ strategy in the area of: A) Marketing B) Finance C) Operations D) Distribution E) All of the above 2. Competitiveness doesn’t include: A) Productivity B) Effectiveness C) Profitability D) Operations Strategy E) Operations Management 3. We will write a custom essay sample on Production Management or any similar topic only for you Order Now Cost cutting in international operations can take place because of A) lower taxes and tariffs B) lower wage scales C) lower indirect costs D) less stringent regulations E) all of the above 4. Operations management involves continuous decision-making; hopefully most decisions made will be: A) redundant B) minor in nature C) smart D) quantitative E) none of the above 5. A ‘product package’ consists of: A) the exterior wrapping B) the shipping container C) a combination of goods and services D) goods if a manufacturing organization E) customer relations if a service organization 6. Multinational organizations can shop from country to country and cut costs through A) lower wage scales B) lower indirect costs C) less stringent regulations D) lower taxes and tariffs E) all of the above 7. Product design and choice of location are examples of _______ decisions. A) strategic B) tactical C) operational D) customer focused E) design 8. Scheduling personnel is an example of an operations management: A) mission implementation B) operational decision C) organizational strategy D) functional strategy E) tactical decision 9. Productivity is expressed as: A) output plus input B) output minus input C) output times input D) output divided by input E) input divided by output 10. Which of the following is true about business strategies? A) An organization should stick with its strategy for the life of the business. B) All firms within an industry will adopt the same strategy. C) Well defined missions make strategy development much easier. D) Strategies are formulated independently of SWOT analysis. E) Organizational strategies depend on operations strategies. 11. Which of the following activities takes place most immediately once the mission has been developed? A) The firm develops alternative or back-up missions in case the original mission fails. B) The functional areas develop their functional area strategies. C) The functional areas develop their supporting missions. D) The ten OM decision areas are prioritized. E) Operational tactics are developed. 12. What term describes how an organization expects to achieve its missions and goals? A) conditional expectation B) tactic C) SWOT D) strategy E) competitive advantage 13. Which of the following is not a key step toward improving productivity? A) developing productivity measures for all operations B) improving the bottleneck operations C) establishing reasonable goals for improvement D) considering incentives to reward workers E) converting bond debt to stock ownership 14. The fundamental purpose of an organization’s mission statement is to A) create a good human relations climate in the organization B) define the organization’s purpose in society C) define the operational structure of the organization D) generate good public relations for the organization E) define the functional areas required by the organization 15. The ratio of good output to quantity of raw material input is called A) non-defective productivity B) process yield C) worker quality measurement D) total quality productivity E) quantity/quality ratio 16. Time-based approaches of business organizations focus on reducing the time to accomplish certain necessary activities. Time reductions seldom apply to: A) product/service design time B) processing time C) delivery time D) response time for complaints E) internal audits 17. Business organizations consist of three major functions which: A) overlap B) are mutually exclusive C) exist independently of each other D) function independently of each other E) do not interface with each other 18. The external elements of SWOT analysis are: A) strengths and weaknesses B) strengths and threats C) opportunities and threats D) weaknesses and opportunities E) strengths and opportunities 19. Which of the following is not one of the Ten Critical Decisions of Operations Management? A) location strategy B) human resources and job design C) managing quality D) design of goods and services E) determining the financial leverage position 20. Which of the following is true? A) Corporate mission is shaped by functional strategies. B) Corporate strategy is shaped by functional strategies. C) Functional strategies are shaped by corporate strategy. D) External conditions are shaped by corporate mission. E) Functional area missions are merged to become the organizational mission. 21. Operations management is applicable A) mostly to the service sector B) to services exclusively C) mostly to the manufacturing sector D) to all firms, whether manufacturing or service E) to the manufacturing sector exclusively 22. Which of the international operations strategies involves a focus on high cost reductions and low local responsiveness? A) international strategy B) global strategy C) transnational strategy D) multidomestic strategy E) none of the above 23. Which of the following is not a key factor of competitiveness? A) price B) product differentiation C) flexibility D) after-sale service E) size of organization 24. Gourmet Pretzels bakes soft pretzels on an assembly line. It currently bakes 800 pretzels each 8-hour shift. If the production is increased to 1,200 pretzels each shift, the productivity increases by: A) 50% B) 33% C) 25% D) 67% 25. An operation that processes less than a previous operation is called a: A) bottleneck B) multi-factor constraint C) parallel operation D) turnabout process E) tactical operation 26. Which of the following is not a type of operations? A) goods production B) storage/transportation C) entertainment D) communication E) all the above involve operations 27. Which one of the following would not generally be classified under the heading of transformation? A) assembling B) teaching C) staffing D) farming E) consulting 28. Which of the following is least likely to be a Cost Leadership competitive advantage? A) low overhead B) effective capacity use C) inventory management D) broad product line E) mass production 29. The ability of an organization to produce goods or services that have some uniqueness in their characteristics is A) mass production B) time-based competition C) competing on productivity D) competing on flexibility E) competing on differentiation 30. Which of the international operations strategies involves a focus on low cost reductions and high local responsiveness? A) international strategy B) global strategy C) transnational strategy D) multidomestic strategy E) none of the above 31. Which of the following statements best characterizes delivery reliability? A) a company that always delivers on the same day of the week B) a company that always delivers at the promised time C) a company that delivers more frequently than its competitors D) a company that delivers faster than its competitors E) a company that has a computerized delivery scheduling system 32. Which of the following best describes â€Å"experience differentiation†? A) immerses consumers in the delivery of a service B) uses people’s five senses to enhance the service C) complements physical elements with visual and sound elements D) consumers may become active participants in the product or service E) All of the above are elements of experience differentiation. 33. Product design and process selection are examples of decisions that are: A) financial B) tactical C) system design D) system operation E) forecasting 34. The responsibilities of the operations manager are: A) planning, organizing, staffing, procuring, and reviewing B) planning, organizing, staffing, directing, and controlling C) forecasting, designing, planning, organizing, and controlling D) forecasting, designing, operating, procuring, and reviewing E) designing and operating 35. Which of the following is not true about systems approach? A) A systems viewpoint is almost always beneficial in decision making. B) A systems approach emphasizes interrelationships among subsystems. C) A systems approach concentrates on efficiency within subsystems. D) A systems approach is essential whenever something is being redesigned or improved. E) All of the above are true. 36. Which of the following is not a characteristic of service operations? A) intangible output B) high customer contact C) high labor content D) easy measurement of productivity E) low uniformity of output 37. Which of the following does not relate to system design? A) altering the system capacity B) location of facilities C) inventory management D) selection and acquisition of equipment E) physical arrangement of departments 38. Which of the following is not a benefit of using models in decision making? A) They provide a standardized format for analyzing a problem. B) They serve as a consistent tool for evaluation. C) They are easy to use and less expensive than dealing with the actual situation. D) All of the above are benefits. E) None of the above is a benefit. 39. Which of the following is the best example of competing on low-cost leadership? A) A firm produces its product with less raw material waste than its competitors. B) A firm offers more reliable products than its competitors. C) A firm’s products are introduced into the market faster than its competitors’ products. D) A firm’s research and development department generates many ideas for new products. E) A firm advertises more than its competitors. 40. Reasons to study Operations Management include learning about A) how people organize themselves for productive enterprise B) how goods and services are produced C) what operations managers do D) a costly part of the enterpriseE) all of the above How to cite Production Management, Essay examples

Globalization and Health for Flat Management -MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Globalization and Health for Flat Management. Answer: Introduction This particular report looks at organizational problems faced by MacDonald. Over the years, MacDonald has become a household name given its success in coming up with effective marketing ideas. It is the world most renowned fast food brands. Some of its favorite products include egg muffin, the big Mac among others. MacDonalds has experienced significant growth due to its marketing ideas, however there are also serious organizational problems facing MacDonalds that need to be corrected (Osman, Johns, and Lugosi 2014). These challenges have led to loss of profits. As a result of these problems Macdonalds faced many closures. This is due to dissatisfied clients. This paper looks at some of the individual performance of the employees as well as the overall performance of MacDonalds. Discussion Organizational Problems Over the years the sales for MacDonalds have shrunk, the usual traffic has also declined, several problems have brought about the loss of profit. MacDonalds has lost significant percentage of its market share. Some of these issues comprise of problems to do with the organizations image, health, employees as well as customers care. McDonald's countenances maybe its most prominent test in its home market and abroad. Analysts charge that the organization has not been able adapt to central moves in the restaurant business in lately despite being the leaders for years in this particular field, this is according to Lemons (2017). Consumer Counter Attack against Cost Cuts MacDonald stated experiencing low revenues especially in its larger market in Japan. Consumers were disgruntled with MacDonalds services. This was because MacDonald became very synonymous with cost cuts. Customers backlash began when the moment Japanese food store started to pull menus from its counters thereby shortening the time taken by customers to place their specific orders. Loss of Revenue MacDonalds has lost significant revenue since angry customers decided to chastise the chain. The customers dragged down its sales significantly in 2013 according to Anaf et al (2017). This has led to serious loss of revenue. Chicken safety scare have also hit MacDonalds and as a result it has lost the trust of its customers across the globe beginning with China. These problems were capped by a series of serious customer complaints. This complaints include claims that some objects were found in the products. Some of these objects included pieces of vinyl, bracelets among others (Fors and Camisn 2016). Due to this complaints, the MacDonald is no longer a must go place as it were in the years past. Customers confidence in MacDonalds products has been seriously eroded. As a result MacDonald has lost a serious amount of revenue and market share across the globe. Safety concerns are seriously hurting MacDonald especially at this time when competition is also very intense as new players are emerging and joining the market. Macdonald Caught up in Geopolitics Away from health concerns and cost cuts, MacDonald also faces hostile political environment in Russia. MacDonald which was once a success story in Russia is facing serious challenges coupled with court cases. Several MacDonald restaurant were put under government surveillance. Nearly of MacDonald restaurants were also closed down during this particular period. This is what led to numerous court cases against MacDonalds (Thornton et al 2017, p. 87) The deteriorating political relationship between Moscow and Washington in the past few years have brought about devastating loss to MacDonald. In some instances, it was also reported that MacDonalds products did not meet Russias safety standards. This was due to the fact that some products were found to contain more carbohydrates, some contained more calories. All these were seen as an excess of what the menu required (Nir and Ham 2014) Recommendations Of all the problems that MacDonald faces, the most vital that needs quick attention is about provision of healthy food. Everybody wants to be healthy. No one wants to be sick. Therefore any food product that is unhealthy or is rumored to be unhealthy can bring about a devastating effect to the business across the globe. In order to ensure that it provides health food, MacDonald should do the following; Audit all suppliers who supply its products to ensure that they do not add or remove anything from their products. The audit should go further to ensure that only those who qualify to hand human food are given the opportunity to supply MacDonalds products across the globe. This will help in regaining customers confidence and trust amidst intense competition from rising competitors. Secondly, MacDonalds need to follow and adhere to the safety rules and regular as laid down by a country, state or economic region. This will help in avoiding various legal battles as witnesses in Russia. Different regions have different rules and regulations with regard to health, adhering to these rules brings harmony and separate the business from the politics of the region, state or country. At all times following rules must be a key priority. Conclusion As an international business covering nearly every corner of the continent, MacDonalds need to harmonize or to standardizes its operation to bring about same sense of uniformity. This will help save cost while monitoring and auditing its suppliers and can as well respond to any clients concerns anywhere effectively and appropriately (Cadario 2016) While MacDonald appears to be doing well in the UK, it important to note that it is still experiencing some aspects of buyer certainty issues in the greater Russia and Ukraine. It is also not devoid of multiple shortcomings in France and Germany and this show that this organization does not enjoy the market in Europe as was the case in the recent past. There is also a lot of rivalry originates from other top-end burger chains that are out to outdo MacDonalds. This is in addition to other fast-food organizations that are purely concentrating on specialties some of which include Japanese and Mexican sustenance. These two are gaining serious coverage of the market share and as a result threatening the survival of Macdonald as the worlds dominant food store. McDonald's is as yet growing crosswise over Europe, pushing up real deals. However, the decrease in like-for-like deals implies that the execution general is delicate Works Cited Anaf, J., Baum, F.E., Fisher, M., Harris, E. and Friel, S., 2017. Assessing the health impact of transnational corporations: a case study on McDonalds Australia. Globalization and health, 13(1), p.7. Cadario, R., 2016. The impact of health claims and food deprivation levels on health risk perceptions of fast-food restaurants. Jeon, H.J.J., Meiseberg, B., Dant, R.P. and Grnhagen, M., 2016. Cultural Convergence in Emerging Markets: The Case of McDonald's in China and India. Social Science Medicine, 149, pp.130-134. Lemons, J.F., 2017. Issue: Flat Management Flat Management. Pfeffer, J., Zorbach, T. and Carley, K.M., 2014. Understanding online firestorms: Negative word-of-mouth dynamics in social media networks. Journal of Marketing Communications, 20(1-2), pp.117-128. Fors, B. and Camisn, C., 2016. Does incremental and radical innovation performance depend on different types of knowledge accumulation capabilities and organizational size?. Journal of Business Research, 69(2), pp.831-848. Thornton, L.E., Ball, K., Lamb, K.E., McCann, J., Parker, K. and Crawford, D.A., 2016. The impact of a new McDonald's restaurant on eating behaviours and perceptions of local residents: A natural experiment using repeated cross-sectional data. Health place, 39, pp.86-91. Osman, H., Johns, N. and Lugosi, P., 2014. Commercial hospitality in destination experiences: McDonald's and tourists' consumption of space. Tourism Management, 42, pp.238-247. Nir, S.M. and Ham, J., 2014. Fighting a McDonalds in Queens for the Right to Sit. And Sit. And Sit. The New York Times, 15.